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Reversal of Vascular Calcification and Aneurysms in a Rat Model Using Dual Targeted Therapy with EDTA- and PGG-Loaded Nanoparticles

Elastic layer degeneration and vascular calcification are common features of vascular lesions such as aortic aneurysms. Tested whether dual therapy targeting nanoparticles (NPs) could reverse the development of mineral deposits (by delivery of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) and restore the elastic layer (by delivery of polyphenols, pentacenyl glucose (PGG)). Delivery of PGG NP after EDTA resulted in reduced macrophage recruitment, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, elastin degradation, and aortic calcification as compared to the control blank NP. This dual treatment restored the vascular elastic layer and improved vascular function, with an improvement in peripheral strain observed. Therefore, dual targeted therapy may be an attractive option for removing mineral deposits and restoring healthy arterial structures.