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Cerebral hemodynamics monitoring: Near-infrared region 2 optical brain imaging can measure the concentration changes of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin, and reflect the changes of cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation, so as to monitor the state of cerebral hemodynamics. This is important for the evaluation of pathological conditions such as cerebral ischemia, brain injury, and increased intracranial pressure. Functional brain imaging: Near-infrared two-zone optical brain imaging can reflect the functional areas and functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex by detecting local blood flow changes caused by neural activity. This is of great value for studying higher neural functions such as cognition, emotion and society 3. Two-infrared optical brain imaging can also be combined with other neuroimaging technologies such as fMRI, EEG and so on to achieve multimodal fusion imaging. Optogenetics and optical stimulation: Near-infrared two-zone optical brain imaging can use specific fluorescent probes or photosensitive molecules to label and manipulate specific neurons or neural circuits, so as to reveal the causal relationship between neuronal activity and behavior. Near-infrared binary optical brain imaging can also use a specific wavelength or intensity of light to directly stimulate or inhibit neuronal activity, thereby regulating neural signalling or neural plasticity.

Reference Documentation:

[1]Ferrari, M., & Quaresima, V. (2012). A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. Neuroimage, 63(2), 921-935.

[2]Hoshi, Y. (2011). Towards the next generation of near-infrared spectroscopy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 369(1955), 4425-4439.

[3] Scholkmann, F., Kleiser, S., Metz, A. J., Zimmermann, R., Mata Pavia, J., Wolf, U., & Wolf, M. (2014). A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology. Neuroimage, 85, 6-27.